Publications

Original title: "Prozesse der Arbeitsmarktintegration von Geflüchteten in Österreich. Forschungsbericht der dritten Welle des FIMAS-Flüchtlingssurveys: FIMAS+INTEGRATION2"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

External author: Valentin Daur          

The war in Ukraine has been raging for six months. The number of people who have fled the war in Ukraine only to Europe has passed 6.3 million while more than 6.6 million were displaced internally within Ukraine. A considerable number of countries, first and foremost Ukraine’s neighbouring countries, but also other countries, including EU members that have been most affected by the influx of people fleeing the war, have made significant efforts to respond to their arrival.

So far, the incidence of human trafficking cases among those fleeing the war in Ukraine has remained insignificant. Still, people who fled the conflict are seeing their personal resources (be of financial or emotional nature) depleted with grimmer perspectives. As their displacement protracts, their vulnerability to exploitation, including trafficking, increases. These vulnerabilities need to be addressed now to avert the descent of a secondary crisis among displaced populations in their host communities later on. The persisting nature of the risks is well illustrated e.g. by ‘huge spikes’ in online searches across multiple languages and countries for explicit content and sexual services from Ukrainian women and girls (OSCE, 2022). 

The existing research by the International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD) has demonstrated how people fleeing the conflict become vulnerable to human trafficking.

In this Policy Brief, we examine the nature of these vulnerabilities and provide guidance as to where the countries hosting the people displaced by the war need to invest their attention and efforts to tackle the increased dangers of human trafficking.

The Policy Brief was prepared by the Anti-trafficking Programme of ICMPD in the framework of the “Prague Process: Dialogue, Analyses and Training in Action” initiative, a component of the Migration Partnership Facility, with the assistance of the European Union.

The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and in no way represent the views of the European Union.

Introduction ICMPD’s Migration Outlook presents a brief analysis of recent migration and policy trends and provides an outlook on developments and events to watch out for in 2023

Emotions are regularly cited as vital components of effective strategic communication in the world of migration and beyond. However, until this report, there was relatively little guidance about how emotions should be used in migration policy communication. Emotions are vital to persuasion because attitudes have a cognitive (thinking) component and an emotional (feeling) component. Moreover, eliciting emotions causes involuntary but predictable physiological and behavioural reactions. Emotions can be used in communication to make one’s messages more resonant and impactful on both attitudes and behaviours, supporting policy objectives via persuasion.

Communicators should choose the desired emotional reaction according to the desired physiological and behavioural reaction using existing psychological schema, one of which this report analyses with 32 separate emotions and physiological reactions. Eliciting unsuitable emotions may have adverse reactions from audiences. Communicators can use this report’s recommendation and framework to ensure that the emotions, physiological and desired behaviours of their campaigns are aligned and thus effective. Narratives, personal-based messages, facial expressions, body language, and aesthetics can be used to create emotional resonance and reduce psychological distance. Frames, ordering (“emotional flow”), intensities, and certain combinations can also be used to elicit different emotions with predictable outcomes.

Emotions should be used to make one’s argument more resonant but the argument should not be simply based on the emotional reaction—the “appeal to emotion” logical fallacy. Indeed, for emotion-based communication to work, it should also use facts, values, identities, and efficacy. Emotion-based communication in the field of migration, although widely used, is largely untested—communicators should test different approaches but also can take lessons from other fields such as corporate, health, and climate change communications.

This report critically analyses 10 examples of good emotion-based migration communication, highlighting the different emotions and physiological reactions that they are likely to induce, and to what extent these are in line with the communication campaign’s stated objectives.

Rural communities in North Africa and the Middle East are confronted with a myriad of context-specific challenges. While food security is rising on the global and regional agendas, countries are experiencing a demographic decline in rural areas, important shortcomings in rural development and environmental degradation resulting from resource overexploitation and climate change. For concerned communities, the conjunction and intensification of these trends raises serious questions as to their ability to cope now and in the near future. This study is devoted to the analysis of the migration phenomenon in the South Mediterranean’s rural areas. It focuses on identifying and explaining rural trends of migration, including incoming and returning flows. To do so it draws on a multi-disciplinary and synthetic examination of the situation in five countries: Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia. The results and recommendations arising from the study are meant to consolidate knowledge on migration in the Euro-Mediterranean region in line with the target 10.7 of the UN sustainable development goals to achieve safe, orderly and regular migration. 
 

The EU could see an influx of up to four million more Ukrainians in 2023, and Russia will seek to further weaponise migration from North Africa and the Middle East. These are just two of the forecasts made in the latest Migration Outlook report 2023 from the International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD).

This trend assessment is part of an ongoing series launched by ICMPD’s Policy, Research and Strategy Directorate. These assessments analyse emerging trends related to the field of migration based on expert opinions and ICMPD’s knowledge and insight on the subject in the context of changing geopolitical situations and external shocks that may influence existing trends of migration. In this vein, this study examines the relationship between food security in Tunisia, compounded by the recent war in Ukraine, and migration in the region.

The Regional Migration Outlook for Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA) presents an analysis of the key events and trends that shaped migration in the EECA region in 2022. Simultaneously, it offers a cautious outlook into areas and issues that may affect migration and mobility to, within and from the EECA in 2023. In a non-exhaustive way, the publication addresses developments in the twelve EECA countries (based on ICMPD’s regional division) – Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. The analysis is based on ICMPD’s regional expertise and desk research from official and public data sources.

Unique collaboration bringing together migration expertise, a local university and the private sector, opens up prospects for the local population, business location and companies

This study is carried out within the scope of Enhancement of Entrepreneurship Capacities for Sustainable Socio-Economic Integration (ENHANCER) Project, which is funded by the European Union and implemented by the International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD).

Migration sensitive Local Entrepreneurship Ecosystem (LEE) Analyses have been carried out in 11 provinces of Türkiye; Adana, Ankara, Bursa, Gaziantep, Hatay, İstanbul, İzmir, Kayseri, Konya, Mersin, and Şanlıurfa. The distinct feature of these analyses than the ones already conducted is the inclusive approach for Syrians under Temporary Protection (SuTP). Through ecosystem analyses, the challenges and opportunities for the SuTP entrepreneurs as well as of their relations with ecosystem actors have been identified and policy recommendations are presented for improvement of local entrepreneurship ecosystem focusing on SuTP entrepreneurs.

Der vorliegende Bericht präsentiert Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojekts FIMAS+Frauen, „Prozesse der Arbeitsmarktintegration geflüchteter Frauen in Österreich“. Die Analyse der Arbeitsmarktintegration geflüchteter Frauen beruht auf den 2022 erhobenen Interview-Daten der fünften Befragungswelle der FIMAS-Längsschnitterhebung. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts wurden 2.716 Asylberechtigte und subsidiär Schutzberechtigte aus den Asyl-Hauptherkunftsländern Syrien, Afghanistan, Irak und Iran befragt, die in den Jahren 2011 bis 2021 nach Österreich geflüchtet waren und zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung 15 bis 64 Jahre alt waren.

On 10 November 2022, ICMPD and the Kingdom of Morocco signed the Agreement between ICMPD and the Government of the Kingdom of Morocco concerning the establishment of the ICMPD’s Representation in the Kingdom of Morocco

On 15 and 16 November 2022, the Ministerial Conference of the Salzburg Forum took place in Bucharest, Romania. ICMPD Director General Michael Spindelegger was invited to speak on behalf of ICMPD. 

In March 2023, The Inter-Agency Coordination Group against Trafficking in Persons (ICAT) published its 2022 Annual Report. It is produced by the co-chairs of the group in 2022, UNODC and ICMPD. The report covers the progress made by ICAT members towards the implementation of the Group’s Plan of Action.

The International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD) was contracted by European Commission to procure the construction of a “temporary retention facility”, for twelve people, as an extension of the multipurpose reception centre in Lipa that accommodates up to 1500 people.  

The purpose of this accommodation is to provide a secure facility within the temporary reception centre where, in specific cases, measures of detention and restrictions of movement can be implemented in line with international and EU standards, while providing shelter and basic services People who present a risk to others on the camp site can temporarily be held there.

Based on this, authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, acting within the framework of the establishment and functioning of the multi-purpose reception centre at LIPA, had conducted all preparatory and groundwork for the construction of this temporary retention facility. The national authorities were responsible for resolving all procedural issues related to building permits, planning and construction of the centre. Before construction started, the authorities informed ICMPD that all procedural issues and preliminary work had been completed and the necessary permits obtained. Only after confirmation by the authorities on having all necessary conditions in place, ICMPD launched the project to construct the temporary retention facility.

ICMPD’s role remained limited to the construction of the facility. During the construction phase, ICMPD acted following the decisions taken by the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the European Commission, and regularly coordinated with the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The overall purpose and manner of use of the temporary retention facility have been determined by the respective authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The final purpose of the temporary retention facility will be decided by the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina in line with the national legal framework.

ICMPD does not have any role in determining the final purpose of the use of the facility, and will not have any role in the management of this facility. Authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina will remain responsible to manage the multipurpose reception centre in Lipa.

The funding for this construction project is provided by the European Union.

At present, the facility is not yet in use. It will remain empty until it will be taken over by the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This handover is set to take place within the next few weeks.

ICMPD will continue to take required action based on the decisions made by the relevant national authorities and the European Commission.

For more information, please contact:

ICMPD - Communication and Media Coordinator
Bernhard Schragl
ICMPD
Tel: +43 1 504 4677 2444
Fax: +43 1 504 4677 2375
media@icmpd.org
www.icmpd.org

Among the OECD, Germany has become one of the main migrant-receiving nations. According to statistical data, 20.8 million of Germany’s population of 82 million are statistically recognised as migrants. Statistically the migrant population is divided almost equally between foreigners (Ausländer, 9.9 million), who do not hold German citizenship and those with a so-called migration background (Migrationshintergrund, 10.9 million) (Statistisches Bundesamt 2019). Among the group of foreigners, about half are citizens of another EU country (EU-28). Still, the Turkish constitute the largest nationality among the group of foreigners (1.5 million) (Statistisches Bundesamt 2019). Migration to Germany has a relatively long history. Migrants in Germany are thus a diverse group, reflecting different phases of migration since the post-war period. This publication provides an overview of the main phases and groups.

The city of Grenoble has experienced many arrivals of migrant populations during the 20th century (coming in particular from Italy, due to the proximity of the Franco-Italian border, but also from Armenia, Algeria and more generally from the Maghreb, Chile, etc.) and has developed a strong tradition of hospitality and solidarity as well as an excellent community dynamic. At the end of 2015, the city of Grenoble reaffirmed this tradition of hospitality and set up a mission "Grenoble Terre d’acceuil” (“Grenoble where welcome is assured”), supported by the elected representatives of the municipality and led by the Directorate of International and European Action. "Grenoble Terre d’accueil" has led to an integrated and unconditional approach, making the reception and inclusion of migrants residing within the city, whatever their administrative status, a mission shared amongst each of the municipality's departments. The aim is to take into account migrants residing within the city through all the undertakings it supports and to foster partnerships with the various actors within the region in order to strengthen local action.