Publications

Der vorliegende Bericht präsentiert Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojekts FIMAS+Frauen, „Prozesse der Arbeitsmarktintegration geflüchteter Frauen in Österreich“. Die Analyse der Arbeitsmarktintegration geflüchteter Frauen beruht auf den 2022 erhobenen Interview-Daten der fünften Befragungswelle der FIMAS-Längsschnitterhebung. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts wurden 2.716 Asylberechtigte und subsidiär Schutzberechtigte aus den Asyl-Hauptherkunftsländern Syrien, Afghanistan, Irak und Iran befragt, die in den Jahren 2011 bis 2021 nach Österreich geflüchtet waren und zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung 15 bis 64 Jahre alt waren.

The EU could see an influx of up to four million more Ukrainians in 2023, and Russia will seek to further weaponise migration from North Africa and the Middle East. These are just two of the forecasts made in the latest Migration Outlook report 2023 from the International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD).

Introduction ICMPD’s Migration Outlook presents a brief analysis of recent migration and policy trends and provides an outlook on developments and events to watch out for in 2023

Temporary protection for people fleeing Ukraine has an end date: March 2025 at the latest. To promote and support a discussion of post-temporary protection strategies at the EU level, ICMPD has published a second discussion paper exploring potential policy options, with a focus on those enabling temporary protection beneficiaries to remain in the EU. It highlights the aspirations of Ukrainians to remain or return, as identified in various surveys; calculates the potential impact of a status change on national asylum and immigration permit systems; looks at potential special statuses for this group; and identifies relevant lessons learned from Brexit. This paper builds on a March 2023 discussion paper, which also aimed to contribute food for thought on ways to exit from temporary protection, which was published under a joint ICMPD-IGC initiative on “Continuation of and exit strategies from temporary protection and similar arrangements.”

Conducted as part of the EU-funded and ICMPD-implemented Migration Partnership Facility project “Making refugee talent visible and accessible to EU labour markets – tapping into the potential of skills-based complementary pathways,” this mapping looks globally at channels through which persons in need of protection can work and study in a third country. These schemes enable people in need of protection to utilise and develop their skills.

The talent that refugees possess is often overlooked in policy and public discussions. Skills-based policies such as complementary labour pathways, which facilitate refugee labour mobility, can bring tangible benefits for refugees, receiving employers and economies, and countries of first asylum. This policy brief, based on desk research and interviews with dozens of stakeholders, shares policy options for expanding complementary labour pathways in the EU.

In March 2023, The Inter-Agency Coordination Group against Trafficking in Persons (ICAT) published its 2022 Annual Report. It is produced by the co-chairs of the group in 2022, UNODC and ICMPD. The report covers the progress made by ICAT members towards the implementation of the Group’s Plan of Action.

The International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD) was contracted by European Commission to procure the construction of a “temporary retention facility”, for twelve people, as an extension of the multipurpose reception centre in Lipa that accommodates up to 1500 people.  

The purpose of this accommodation is to provide a secure facility within the temporary reception centre where, in specific cases, measures of detention and restrictions of movement can be implemented in line with international and EU standards, while providing shelter and basic services People who present a risk to others on the camp site can temporarily be held there.

Based on this, authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, acting within the framework of the establishment and functioning of the multi-purpose reception centre at LIPA, had conducted all preparatory and groundwork for the construction of this temporary retention facility. The national authorities were responsible for resolving all procedural issues related to building permits, planning and construction of the centre. Before construction started, the authorities informed ICMPD that all procedural issues and preliminary work had been completed and the necessary permits obtained. Only after confirmation by the authorities on having all necessary conditions in place, ICMPD launched the project to construct the temporary retention facility.

ICMPD’s role remained limited to the construction of the facility. During the construction phase, ICMPD acted following the decisions taken by the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the European Commission, and regularly coordinated with the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The overall purpose and manner of use of the temporary retention facility have been determined by the respective authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The final purpose of the temporary retention facility will be decided by the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina in line with the national legal framework.

ICMPD does not have any role in determining the final purpose of the use of the facility, and will not have any role in the management of this facility. Authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina will remain responsible to manage the multipurpose reception centre in Lipa.

The funding for this construction project is provided by the European Union.

At present, the facility is not yet in use. It will remain empty until it will be taken over by the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This handover is set to take place within the next few weeks.

ICMPD will continue to take required action based on the decisions made by the relevant national authorities and the European Commission.

For more information, please contact:

ICMPD - Communication and Media Coordinator
Bernhard Schragl
ICMPD
Tel: +43 1 504 4677 2444
Fax: +43 1 504 4677 2375
media@icmpd.org
www.icmpd.org

The project Resilience, Reinforcement and Recovery of Ukrainian Migration and Consular Services (RRR) is implemented by the International Centre for Migration Policy Development with the overall objective to contribute to the resilience, reinforcement and recovery of Ukrainian migration and consular governance by strengthening the capacities of national authorities to ensure the safe international mobility of Ukrainian citizens, including preparations for sustainable return. Module 1 of the project specifically aims to establish Ukrainian Consultation Centres in EU MS hosting the most Ukrainian refugees, mainly in Poland, Czech Republic and Germany, in close coordination with local state authorities, Ukrainian diaspora organisations and the civil society of hosting countries. The Consultation Centres (CCs) will support consular capacity in providing consular assistance to Ukrainians abroad regarding documentation, integration information in the hosting societies and preparedness/consultations for future voluntary return and reintegration back home. 

ICMPD is seeking applications from qualified and result-oriented professionals, to support the establishment of such Centre in Berlin, Germany, in addition to the overall coordination and implementation of activities within the framework of the Consultation Centre.

The project Resilience, Reinforcement and Recovery of Ukrainian Migration and Consular Services (RRR) is implemented by the International Centre for Migration Policy Development with the overall objective to contribute to the resilience, reinforcement and recovery of Ukrainian migration and consular governance by strengthening the capacities of national authorities to ensure the safe international mobility of Ukrainian citizens, including preparations for sustainable return. Module 1 of the project specifically aims to establish Ukrainian Consultation Centres in EU MS hosting the most Ukrainian refugees, mainly in Poland, Czech Republic and Germany, in close coordination with local state authorities, Ukrainian diaspora organisations and the civil society of hosting countries. The Consultation Centres (CCs) will support consular capacity in providing consular assistance to Ukrainians abroad regarding documentation, integration information in the hosting societies and preparedness/consultations for future voluntary return and reintegration back home. 

ICMPD is seeking applications from qualified and result-oriented professionals, to support the establishment of such Centre in Berlin, Germany, in addition to the overall coordination and implementation of activities within the framework of the Consultation Centre.

Pôle économique et universitaire, le gouvernorat de Sfax attire plus qu’il ne produit de migrants. Le gouvernorat et la ville de Sfax font face à cinq types de flux migratoires, à savoir la migration interne, la migration en provenance de Libye, les étudiants étrangers, la migration irrégulière et les demandeurs d’asile. La situation migratoire s’est transformée depuis 2011 : la chute du régime de Kadafi en Libye a signifié une arrivée massive en Tunisie de libyens mais aussi de migrants subsahariens résidents en Libye. Aujourd’hui, la Tunisie confirme son statut de pays de transit de la migration.

La ville de Sousse attire principalement trois catégories de migrants, à savoir, les migrants tunisiens en provenance des régions de l’intérieur, les migrants Tunisiens qui rentrent de l’étranger et, les migrants étrangers en provenance principalement d’Afrique subsaharienne, d’autres pays du Maghreb ou d’Europe. En 10 ans (1999-2004 et 2009-2014) la ville de Sousse a accueilli 73 351 migrants internes, ce qui représente 61,5% de l’ensemble des 119 952 migrants internes qui étaient entrés dans le gouvernorat de Sousse durant la même période.

Parler de personnes qui traversent des frontières physiques et idéologiques dans le détroit de Gibraltar revient à décrire le paysage complexe des mobilités typiques des régions transfrontalières. Nous reprenons dans le document « Termes fondamentaux sur la migration » (OIM, 2020) les différentes définitions légales qui construisent les personnes en déplacement dans la zone du détroit. Les personnes en déplacement sont soumises à un régime de migration ainsi qu’à un régime frontalier ayant des dimensions différentes (juridique, exécutive, technologique et idéologique)39 et qui créent une série de classifications qui déterminent l'accès aux droits fondamentaux sur les deux côtes.

Historical and recent trends of emigration from the Western Balkan region, comprising Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia, have led to the formation of diverse diaspora groups across the world, with prominent representation in the Western European countries. Diaspora members often maintain close transnational socioeconomic ties with their countries of origin. These ties are most commonly reflected through the transfer of remittances at the individual or household level, but also increasingly through investment, entrepreneurship, or knowledge transfer etc., with the potential to create a greater impact on the socioeconomic development of the Western Balkan countries.

This report synthesises the overall findings of the ECONDIAS project and takes stock of the country-specific, and EU-level policy and institutional landscape on migration-development nexus, and identifies relevant stakeholders and practices to draw context-specific lessons on success and impeding factors for diaspora-led investment in countries of origin.

Complementary pathways provide an avenue for refugees to take up a job in another country, enabling them to use their skills to forge a sustainable future and helping to meet employer and labour market needs in countries of destination. Germany’s Western Balkans Regulation provides a model for the expansion of refugee labour mobility in Germany and other EU countries. Developed with an annual cap and a particular scope, such as a geographic focus on one or more third countries or on specific labour market sectors, an expansion of this approach would ease mobility requirements for people in need of protection who have secured a job offer. The possible expansion of the Regulation’s model to reach people in need of protection has the potential to introduce fresh ideas and positive change to EU migration and asylum policy more broadly.

Authors

Martin Wagner, Caitlin Katsiaficas & Gizem Güzelant (ICMPD)

Bei der vorliegenden Studie handelt es sich um die erste umfassende qualitative Forschungsstudie über arbeitsmarktspezifische Integrationsmaßnahmen für asylberechtigte bzw. subsidiär schutzberechtigte Frauen in Österreich, Deutschland und Norwegen. Als arbeitsmarktspezifische Integrationsmaßnahmen werden Maßnahmen, Projekte und Programme verstanden, die einen Fokus auf die Förderung der ausbildungsadäquaten Arbeitsmarktintegration von geflüchteten Frauen legen und sich dabei mit den verschiedenen Phasen des Arbeitsmarktintegrationsprozesses auseinandersetzen, wie z.B. Vorbereitung, Berufsorientierung, Ausbildung, Arbeitssuche und - aufnahme.

Die Fragestellung der vorliegenden Studie – Erfahrungen mit der und Erfolgsbedingungen für die Arbeitsmarktintegration von Frauen mit Fluchterfahrung – ist anwendungsorientiert und verlangt eine Auseinandersetzung mit der Praxiserfahrung entsprechender Projekte und Maßnahmen und eine Analyse der Projektergebnisse. Anders als eine Evaluierung, bei der es um das Erreichen von Projektzielen und den Einsatz der vorgesehenen Mittel geht, um auf dieser Basis Empfehlungen für die Weiterentwicklung eines Projektes zu erarbeiten, lag die Aufgabenstellung dieser Studie darin, einen Überblick über die Wahrnehmung der wesentlichen Herausforderungen durch ProjektbetreiberInnen und Geflüchtete zu gewinnen und aus den Projekterfahrungen Empfehlungen für die Organisation und Gestaltung der Arbeitsmarktintegrationsmaßnahmen zu entwickeln und notwendige Veränderungen in den strukturellen Rahmenbedingungen zu diskutieren. Im Sinne des peer-learning wurde die Erhebung in Österreich mit Recherchen zu vergleichbaren Projeken im deutschen Bundesland Nordrhein-Westfalen und in Norwegen vergleichbare Projekte ergänzt.